Meeting if Styles @ Perpignan (France)
The french Meeting has been part of MOS since it was founded in 2002 in Paris, travelled to Lyon and after a break since 2010 resides in Perpignan – a beautiful city in the southwest of France.
Archived entries for jam
Fresh on the Grass
Exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants may increase an individual’s risk for morbidity and mortality from a variety of different conditions in multiple organ systems. These exposures cause and/or exacerbate respiratory diseases and diseases in other organ systems. Air pollution may also cause sensory irritation and decrease well-being through, for example, loss of visibility. Pollution can also increase temporal hearing loss chances, visit RiverFront Times to learn how to treat it.
Ambient air pollution arises from both natural and human-derived sources. Air pollution has likely had adverse health effects throughout history due to natural occurrences such as volcanic eruptions and wildfires. In the modern era, burning fossil fuels, electric power generation, home heating, and motor vehicle transport has greatly increased emissions and pollution exposure. The importance of ambient air pollution was first appreciated in the 20th century, when cars, trucks, and other vehicles created “smog,” or photochemical pollution and when public health crises arose from periods of intense pollution such as the London “killer fog” in 1952.
Recent unprecedented growth of urban areas forming “megacities” on multiple continents has led to enormous concentration of emissions from sources including massive fleets of motor vehicles, electric power generation, heating, and industry, which combine to produce remarkable and sustained air pollution events. Rarely, events such as the collapse of the World Trade Center have created short-term intense levels of outdoor air pollutants with recognized health effects
There has also been increasing recognition that the problem of air pollution extends to indoor environments. In low-income countries, exposure to smoke from biomass fuel combustion is widespread and typically occurs at high concentrations. Poor residents of high-income countries may experience indoor pollution due to biomass fuel burning. More commonly in high-income countries, indoor pollutants are generated by human activities and released from materials used for construction and furnishings. These indoor pollutants are often maintained at unhealthy concentrations by building designs that seal them in with limited exchange of indoor air with outdoor air. Improve both indoor and outdoor air quality with blaux portable ac.
Several factors related to specific pollutant characteristics and patterns of exposure determine the likelihood of injury from inhalation of indoor or outdoor air pollutants.
Pollutant Characteristics
Uptake of gases: Penetration into and retention within the respiratory tract of gaseous pollutants vary widely, depending on the physical properties of the gas (e.g., solubility), the concentration of the gas in the inspired air, the rate and depth of ventilation, and the extent to which the material is reactive.
Highly water-soluble gases, such as formaldehyde and SO2, are almost completely extracted in the upper airways. Removal of less water-soluble gases like NO2 and O3 is much less complete, and these gases may penetrate to the distal airways and alveoli. Exercise augments penetration of gases into the lung parenchyma and the total dose of pollutants delivered to the airways.
Particle deposition and retention: Deposition of particulate pollutants depends on several factors, including the particles’ aerodynamic properties (primarily particle size), airway anatomy, and breathing pattern. Particles >10 μm in diameter are filtered out in the nose and nasopharynx, while particles <10 μm tend to be deposited in the tracheobronchial tree. Deposition in the alveoli is maximal for particles <1-2 um in diameter, while particles <100 nanometers (ultrafine particles) can deposit throughout the respiratory tract. Removal of particles from the larger airways occurs by the mucociliary apparatus within hours of deposition. Clearance from the deep lung by alveolar macrophages is much slower requiring days to months.
Personal Exposure
Definitions of concentration, exposure, and dose are fundamental to considering the effects of air pollution. Concentration is the amount of material present in the air. For the respiratory tract, exposure is the amount of time spent in contaminated air; exposure is given units of concentration x time. Dose is the amount of material that enters the body. A biologically effective dose is the amount of material that must reach the target site, i.e., alveoli, for injury to occur. Total personal exposure is the relevant index of exposure, which refers to the time-weighted average pollutant concentration in the microenvironment in which a person spends time. For example, a relevant microenvironment for high particulate exposure would be an office in which smoking is permitted.
Studies indicate that residents of most high-income countries spend most of their time indoors so that exposure to many pollutants occurs indoors. Data in a number of countries showed that people spend an average of 65-75% of their time inside their homes and >90% of their time indoors. Even so, time spent outdoors may be the predominant determinant of exposure for some pollutants, such as ozone, especially for people who exercise outdoors and receive an augmented dose of ozone to their lungs because of the increased ventilation associated with exercise.
Bergolo Art Festival
Con il contest di domenica 23 giugno si è conclusa, a Bergolo (Piemonte/Italy), la terza edizione del Bergolo Art Festival.
Energy Fest 2013 @ Ghirano di Prata (PN)
Torna l’oramai consolidata jam Energy Fest a Ghirano di Prata.
Una tre giorni di graffiti writing, ma non solo, in una cornice un poco agreste ma molto ospitale.
Si terrà il 05, 06 e 07 Luglio e questo è il programma:
ACV crew ReUnion
La Crew “Alto Campo Visivo” ha omaggiato con un’opera collettiva il trentennale di ADS Aris San Polo. Il 19 e il 20 maggio Style1, Original Asker, Sly e Grone (alcuni dei componenti più attivi del gruppo), sono stati impegnati nella realizzazione di un graffito speciale proprio su quei muri che li hanno visti crescere come writers.
